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REBIDS BY RESPONDER See SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER for a discussion of splinter rebids. Opener Has Rebid 1NT Reverses by an unpassed hand are forcing for one round, but do not promise another bid if opener makes a discouraging call: Opener Responder 1C 1H 1NT 2S - forcing 2NT/3C/3H - Pass is okay 3D/3S - forcing 4S - good spades, good cards in bid suits Responder may not pass a bid of the fourth suit (diamonds, above), or a raise of the reverse suit (spades, above). Responder's ruffing values in a 4-4 fit would automatically turn an invitational hand into a game-going hand. If opener makes an "unnecessary" jump raise to game in spades, he is implying very good spades, good clubs, and probably a heart fit. With high cards in the bid suits, he is probably weak in diamonds: S-KQ32 H-J54 D-932 C-AKJ Yes, the 1NT rebid is correct. A three-card club opener must rebid 1NT if he doesn't raise a one-level response. Responder can picture just this sort of hand for opener, since the only reason for not rebidding 1S with good spades is a 4-3-3-3 hand. A 2C rebid is artificial, forcing. See chapter CHECKBACK STAYMAN BY RESPONDER in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments." If responder raises opener after reversing, that is forcing: Opener Responder 1C 1H 1NT 2S 2NT 3C - forcing With only invitational strength, responder must bid 2C (Checkback Stayman) and then make the invitation. If opener had rebid 2C instead of 1NT, responder's third-round club raise would be only semi-forcing. Opener could pass with a really bad fit and a minimum: S-732 H-85 D-KQ C-AQJ987 Any other bid at the two level is weak, even in a new suit: Opener Responder 1H 1S 1NT 2C - Checkback Stayman 2D/2H/2S - are weak bids The 2H preference denies adequate trump support for hearts, promises five spades and usually includes a minor suit singleton. Opener can go back to spades with three spades and four hearts. With a good heart raise, or only four spades, responder must not use this sequence. He must either raise hearts immediately or pass 1NT. All jumps to three in a suit by an unpassed hand are forcing. To invite game, bid 2C (Checkback Stayman), then make the invitation. A raise of 1NT to 2NT shows 11-12 HCP, counting a good suit as a point. Opener Has Rebid 2NT (Non-Jump) -- Opener's 2NT rebid after a two-over-one response is not forcing. If responder rebids his suit, that is a warning that his suit will not run unless opener has a fit (and that he had a weakish two- over-one response). Any other suit rebid by responder is forcing: Opener Responder 1S 2D 2NT 3D - weak, long suit 3C/3H/3S/4D - forcing 4C - Gerber 4H - splinter, long diamonds 4S - not invitational The principle of "fast arrival" applies opposite a notrump bid, so the 4S bid is not invitational. See GENERAL BIDDING PRINCIPLES (top menu of CORE DUMP) for a discussion of this subject. Also see SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER. -- When opener bids 2NT after a raise, responder can pass with a minimum hand and a tolerance for notrump, or can raise to 3NT. With four-card support for opener's major he will generally sign off at the three level with a minimum hand, or bid game with a maximum. With four-card support for opener's minor, he may choose to remain in notrump with a balanced hand, either passing 2NT or raising to 3NT. A new suit at the three level is a weak sign-off, usually showing six cards if it's a minor, five cards if the suit is hearts. When opener rebids 2NT after a spade raise, a new suit is weak and non-forcing, and a jump to 4H is natural, not a splinter bid: Opener Responder 1S 2S 2NT Pass - weak raise, three spades 3C/3D/3H - weak sign-off 3NT - good raise, three spades 4H - good raise, 5 or 6 hearts Opener Has Jumped to 2NT Responder should not pass unless he is ashamed of his first response and thinks 2NT is the safest spot. See chapter STOPLIGHT in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments." 4NT is a natural raise. A jump rebid in a new suit other than clubs or spades is a splinter bid. See SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER. Opener Responder 1C 1D 2NT 4H - splinter bid 4C - Gerber 4S - notrump slam try 4NT - notrump slam try The 4S notrump slam try implies that responder needs a good three- card fit (Qxx or better) in his suit to make it useful for a notrump slam. With a strong suit, responder would bid 4NT to try for slam. See GENERAL BIDDING PRINCIPLES (main menu) for a discussion of using 4S as a notrump slam try. Opener Has Jumped to 3NT 4NT is a natural raise. A jump to a minor suit game is a sign-off, not particularly invitational: Opener Responder 1C 1D 3NT 5D Opener Responder 1D 1S 3NT 5D Responder also has a weak hand in this auction: Opener Responder 1H 1S 3NT 4H This is the weak hand previously described in ONE-OVER-ONE RESPONSES: S-Q8743 H-986 D-3 C-K853. With a hand that was too good for a 2H raise, responder must find another bid at this point because slam would be likely. The 4H bid is not forcing, of course, nor is this 4H bid: Opener Responder 1D 1S 3NT 4H - natural, not Super Gerber 4C - Gerber Although 4H is not forcing, responder should have a hand at least as good as S-AJ763 H-K9873 D-42 C-3, because opener is allowed to go on with a good fit. With a weaker hand, responder should just pass 3NT and hope for the best. This auction is an exception to the general rules that (1) a bid of the lowest unbid suit other than clubs is Super Gerber (described in the book "Strong Bidding") and (2) a non-jump 4C bid is natural. Opener Responder 1C 1H 3NT 4C/4H - natural 4D - Super Gerber 4S - artificial notrump raise 4NT - notrump raise The 4S notrump raise implies that responder's hearts need a good fit to be useful for slam (e.g., five cards to only one of the top four honors). This may help opener in deciding whether to go past 4NT. Opener Responder 1D 1H 3NT 4C/4D - natural, forcing 4H - natural, weak, long suit 4S - super Gerber Super Gerber takes preference over the artificial 4S notrump raise. Opener Has Raised A return to opener's first suit is forcing for one round, unless the raise was made over a double: Opener Responder 1C 1S 2S 3C - forcing, game try at least South West North East 1C Dbl 1S Pass 2S Pass 3C - not forcing, invitational The 3C bid does not indicate a spade psych, only that North has a four-card spade suit. North has a good hand, but not a game-going hand in view of the failure to redouble. South can pass with three spades and nothing extra. Opener Has Changed Suits Minimally -- When the original response was 1NT, a new suit by responder is a signoff if the suit is lower ranking than opener's first suit: Opener Responder 1S 1NT 2D 2H/3C - signoff, long suit If the new suit bid is higher ranking than opener's first suit, the bid shows strength in the suit and a raise of opener's second suit: Opener Responder 1H 1NT 2D 2S - good spade strength Responder has values to raise opener's second suit. The 2S bid may change opener's mind about playing notrump. Also see chapter CHECKBACK STAYMAN BY OPENER in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments." -- When the original response was a suit response and opener's rebid is a new suit at the one level, or a lower ranking suit at the two level (not a reverse), responder's rebid of the same suit is a weak sign-off even after a two-over-one response: Opener Responder 1S 2D 2H 3D - weak, not encouraging Responder can resort to Fourth Suit Artificial with a strong hand. A jump preference is invitational, not forcing, even by a two-over- one responder: Opener Responder 1S 2D 2H 3S - invitational, not forcing A 2S bid would be a preference, not a raise, equivalent to passing 2H. Accordingly, the 3S bid is simply a raise, equivalent to bidding 3H. Neither raise is forcing. If responder has three-card support and wants to force in spades, he must bid 3C (Fourth Suit Artificial, described in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments) and then raise. With four-card support he must jump to 4S, a sequence that implies 5-4-2-2 with strength concentrated in the two suits: S-KQ42 H-95 D-AQJ76 C-32. With scattered strength responder would raise spades immediately instead of bidding 2D. As said before, a simple preference in a major denies adequate trump support: Opener Responder 1S 2C 2H 2S - weak preference The 2S preference is equivalent to passing 2H when hearts are preferred but cannot be raised. Responder has S-J3 H-4 D-Q1087 C-AJ7632. With adequate trump support for spades and a weak hand, the response is 2S, not 2C. With an invitational hand, the rebid is 3S, not 2S. A bid of the fourth suit Fourth Suit Artificial convention. A raise of opener's second suit from one to two shows 7-10 points, counting distribution. Pass with less. A jump to three is invita- tional: Opener Responder 1C 1H 1S 2S - 7 to 10 points 3S - invitational, 11-12 points -- When the original response was a raise, opener's new suit bid is forcing if the raise did not come over a double. Responder is expected to clarify his raise in some way. If the raised suit is a major, bidding something else tends to show an original three- card raise. Responder must not go beyond three of the raised suit without extra values: Opener Responder 1S 2S 3C 3D/3H - may not be a suit 3S - sign-off, weak 3NT - good raise, red strength 4D/4H - splinter, great fit 4S - good raise In this case responder can feel free to jump to 4S with only three- card support, since opener must have five spades in view of the club rebid. The 3D and 3H bids are more valuable as showing strength in the suit rather than length, since opener is known to have five spades. These bids are forcing, so responder may or may not have a good raise. The 3NT bid is unlikely, perhaps based on a hand like S-Q87 H-QJ108 D-QJ108 C-J2. Also see SPLINTER REBIDS BY OPENER. Had the rebid been in diamonds, responder would have to allow for a 4-3-4-2 opening hand, so a 3H rebid (forcing, but not implying extra strength) requires five hearts. She will be much more likely to bid 3NT with a good hand and only three spades: S-K87 H-KJ9 D-J2 C-J10873. Opener Has Rebid a Suit Minimally Responder's rebid of the same suit is a weak sign-off at matchpoint scoring. In a IMP match it is better to pass a hopeless hand than to "rescue" partner, so responder's rebid of the same suit is mildly encouraging. ("Mildly", since a jump rebid in the same suit is not forcing.) A reverse by responder is forcing unless she is a passed hand. Other new suit rebids are also forcing by an unpassed hand, except for 2H: Opener Responder 1C 1S 2C 2D - forcing 2H - not forcing At matchpoint scoring the 2H bid might be a stretch. At IMP scoring it has to be regarded as invitational, so responder must pass 2C with a weak 5-5 in the majors. If responder raises opener's suit to the three level after reversing, that is not quite forcing if opener has failed to support one of responder's suits: Opener Responder 1D 1H 2D 2S 2NT 3D - S-AJ76 H-KJ532 D-Q76 C-4 4D - forcing However: Opener Responder 1D 2C 2D 2S 3C 3D - forcing Opener Has Jumped in the Same Suit A jump rebid in the same suit is not forcing, even after a two- over-one response. Responder bids again, however, unless she is ashamed of her first bid and is short in opener's suit. If responder does not pass this jump, the partnership is usually committed to game, although responder might pass a third bid in the same suit: Opener Responder 1C 1S 3C 3S - forcing! 4C Pass Responder has S-KJ976 H-5432 D-Q87 C-6 and elects to pass 4C. He rightly bid 3S after his legitimate 1S response, because opener could have spade support. When this doesn't eventuate, he gives up. Opener Has Reversed -- After a 1NT response, reverses are not forcing, nor do they promise another bid, and raises by responder are not forcing: Opener Responder 1C 1NT 2H 3C/3H - not forcing -- After a one-over-one response, reverses are forcing only when responder has bid a five-card or longer suit. Opener can pass responder's discouraging rebids: 2NT or return to opener's first suit, both of which show weakness and deny five cards in the original response suit. A raise of reverser's second suit is invitational when the suit is diamonds, forcing when the suit is hearts. Responder's jump rebid in the same suit is forcing to game, showing a fairly solid six-card or longer suit. Opener might raise with a singleton honor if he has no better bid. With no convenient rebid, responder can use Fourth Suit Artificial (FSA), described in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments." FSA denies exactly five cards in the original suit (which calls for a relay bid--see below) but responder could have six provided he wants to be in game. FSA tends to deny a good notrump bid (maybe Axx or Qx, but not a better holding in the fourth suit). At the two level, FSA does not promise another bid. Responder can pass if opener shows no extras: Opener Responder 1C 1H 2D 2S - FSA 2NT/3C/3D - not forcing 3H/3S - forcing 4C - splinter, great diamonds See SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER. With a strong club raise, responder can mark time with FSA and raise clubs later. If the FSA bidder does bid again, all non-game bids are forcing except a raise of opener's last bid: Opener Responder 1C 1H 2D 2S - FSA 3C 4C - not forcing (direct raise) 3D/3H/3S - forcing At the three level (3C, perforce) FSA promises another bid if opener does not bid game. Responder's jump to the three level in the fourth suit shows a real suit, not a splinter. This means responder must bid 3NT when the fourth suit is clubs, because a jump to 4C is a splinter bid. If responder's suit is a five-carder, she must bid the ranking suit as a forcing relay, but may pass opener's next bid. The relay is permissible with a very strong four-card suit (three of the top four honors). It is also permissible with a six-card suit provided responder is doubtful about game. With a better hand, either jump rebid in the suit (if it is fairly solid) or use FSA and then rebid the suit, a forcing sequence. Usually the ranking suit bid is responder's original suit, but not in one case: Opener Responder 1C 1S 2D 2H - relay, five or more spades 2S - Fourth Suit Artificial The partnership can stop at 2S if responder has a bad hand and opener has a minimum reverse with three spades. Since 2H is a relay, we use 2S artificially for "Fourth Suit" Artificial. Let's look at various auctions: Opener Responder 1C 1S 2D 2H - five or more spades, forcing 2S - FSA (note reversal of bids) 2NT/3C - not forcing, weak 3D - invitational 3H - heart suit, forcing 3S - six or more spades, forcing 3NT - hearts stopped, extra HCPs 4D - splinter, good clubs 4C - splinter, good diamonds All bids other than 2H deny exactly five spades. To make a forcing raise in one of opener's minors, bid 2S (FSF), then raise. See SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER. Opener Responder 1C 1H 2D 2H - five or more hearts, forcing 2S - FSA (may not bid again) 2NT/3C - not forcing, weak 3D - invitational 3H - six or more hearts, forcing 3S - spade suit, 4-4 majors 3NT - spades stopped, extra HCPs 4C/4D - splinter bids Opener Responder 1D 1S 2H 2S - five or more spades, forcing 2NT/3D - not forcing, weak 3C - FSA (will bid again) 3H - forcing 3S - six or more spades, forcing 3NT - clubs stopped, extra HCPs 4C/4D - splinters, good hearts 4H - good hearts, good spades After a 2H relay showing a five-card spade suit, opener bids as follows: Opener Responder 1C 1S 2D 2H - relay, five or more spades 2S - spade support, nothing extra 2NT - hearts stopped 3C - probably no heart stop 3D - five or more diamonds, longer clubs 3H - probably Axx in hearts, extra values 3S - spade support, extra values 4C - not quite forcing 4H - splinter, probably a void, big hand 4S - big hand, a singleton heart at most This is the only reversing sequence that provides opener an opportunity to show three degrees of support (2S, 3S, 4S) for responder's five-card suit. The 3H bid lets responder, who may have Qx in hearts, bid the notrump. The 4C bid implies a mild spade fit, so responder can bid 4S with six spades. Since a reverse is not forcing, the other four-level rebids by opener are unlikely, but opener could have three strong spades in a hand not quite good enough for a game-forcing jump reverse. Opener Responder 1D 1S 2H 2S - relay, five or more spades 3S - three spades, no extra strength 2NT - doubleton spade, clubs stopped 3C - short spades, three or four clubs 3D - one or two spades, no club stop 4S - big hand, short hearts 4C - splinter, probably a void, big hand A heart reverse after a club opening is handled similarly. Suppose the relay bidder doesn't pass opener's third bid. Usually his next bid promises nothing extra: Opener Responder 1C 1H 2D 2H - relay, five or more hearts 2S 2NT/3C/3D are all weak 3H - long hearts, weak hand 3S asks opener to bid 3NT The weak bids are not forcing. Opener's 2S bid implies a 3-1-4-5 shape with perhaps Axx in spades (wanting responder to bid notrump in case he has the queen or jack). Responder raises spades instead of bidding notrump when he has no desire to play the hand (e.g., with QJ doubleton of spades). If opener has shown three-card support for responder's proclaimed five-card suit, then responder's bid in any other suit or notrump is forcing: Opener Responder 1C 1S 2D 2H - relay, five or more spades 2S 3S - invitational 2NT - forcing, good hearts 3C/3D - forcing 3H - FSA, seeking more info -- After a two-over-one response, reverses are forcing. The reverser will not pass responder's jump in the same suit, 2NT rebid, or raise of reverser's second suit, but may definitely pass a diamond preference or a simple rebid of responder's suit: Opener Responder 1D 2C 2H 2S - FSA 2NT - forcing 3C - not forcing, weak 3D - weak preference 3H - forcing 3S - spade suit, forcing 4C - natural, forcing 4D - splinter, good hearts The 3D bid is a weak preference, despite the two-over-one response: S-843 H-5 D-J83 C-AQJ976. Fourth Suit Artificial is available for those hands that are too strong for a pass or non-forcing bid. A return to hearts, however, is forcing: Opener Responder 1H 2C/2D 2S 3H - forcing 4H - good hearts, good minor With a weak hand responder presumably would have raised hearts on the first round, so both heart rebids imply a hand that was too good for that action. Opener Has Bid a New Suit at the Three Level Opener Responder 1S 2D 3C - forcing A new suit at the three level is not only forcing, but promises another bid if responder makes a minimum call (such as 3S or 3D, in this auction). If the response was one-over-one, however, and the three-level bid arises because of an opposing bid, the new suit is forcing only if it is a reverse: South West North East 1D Pass 1S 2H 3C - not forcing South needs a fairly good hand to bid at the three level, but may have bid only 2C if East had passed. Accordingly, a 3S bid by North at this point could be passed. A reverse at the three level is forcing, however: South West North East 1C Pass 1S 2H 3D - forcing Here too, a 3S bid by North might be passed if opener is stretch- ing. Opener Has Made a Jump Shift A jump shift (jump in a new suit) by opener is forcing to game. Opener Responder 1H 1S/1NT 3D - game forcing Opener Has Raised a Strong Jump Takeout Opener Responder 1S 3C 4C 4S The 4S bid is not quite forcing. Responder has an absolute minimum for the jump takeout, or she would have found some other call. Her hand: S-AQJ H-K6 D-976 C-AQ983 Opener can pass with a minimum hand such as S-K10876 H-54 D-AK C-J1074. If the king of diamonds and a little club were interchanged, however, she would have enough of a fit to cue bid 5D, whereupon responder can bid 6C (both to protect the king of hearts from the opening lead and to suggest a safer slam). Opener Has Passed When opener has passed over an intervening bid, a new suit bid at the one level is not forcing: South West North East 1C Pass 1D 1H Pass Pass 1S - not forcing This is also true at the two level if responder has not reversed: South West North East 1C Pass 1S 2D Pass Pass 2H - not forcing 3H - forcing to game South West North East 1C Pass 1H 2D Pass Pass 2S - forcing (reverse)